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Base Of Any language

Everybody knows there are three parts any langauge which are divided into Subject Object Verb or Subject Verb Object (As English follows)

English >>> (Subject + Verb + Object) Ex - My name is Ram (√)
Odia >>> (Subject + Object + Verb) Ex - My name Ram is (X)

It is very simple thing in any language just call something(Noun) in different language other than your native tongue. It is also very simple to remember often time.

It Contains

Subject	Objects	Verb
Noun + Pronoun	Preposition, Nouns, Adverb and Adjective	Action or Acting on something. Present past and future actions

Subject :a person or thing that is being discussed, described, or dealt with

Noun:A word (other than a pronoun) used to identify any of a class of people, places, or things ( common noun ), or to name a particular one of these ( proper noun ).
Pronoun:A word that can function as a noun phrase used by itself and that refers either to the participants in the discourse (e.g. Mu,Tame ) or to someone or something mentioned elsewhere in the discourse (e.g. Siye, Eita, Seita etc.)

Subject Noun Singular – Bahi (Book), kalama (Pen) etc (Anything)
Subject Noun Plural – Bohi, kalama everything Uncoutable like Sanskrit and unlike English
Subject Pronoun Singular – Mu ( I ), Tu (You), Siye (He/She) Eita (It)
Also Eita for This/These (for Near)/ Seita for That/ Those (for Far)
Subject Pronoun Plural – Siye(They), tame ( You All)
1st Party (Not Other) - I/You/We (Mu/Tu/Ame) (Names are Third Party)
3rd Party (Others) – Siye (he/she) and Eita (it), Tamemane/Siyemane (*Plural)

Object:A noun or noun phrase governed by an active transitive verb or by a preposition.

Postposition:A word or morpheme placed after the word it governs. E.g. Tame ghara aadaku polauchha(Aadaku - Postposition comes ghara(Where/What) in english -ward in Homeward)
Adjective:A word naming an attribute of a noun, such as sweet, red, or technical Lal(Adjective) + ghara(Noun).

E.g. Tame table re paduchha, mu delhi ra birayani delhi ru aasiba pare khailthili

Re/Ti = Train re jauchhi
ku(Singular) –oriya ku bhala paaye
Ku = Bhubaneswara ku jauchhi
nku(Plural) 100 pila mana nku diyantu.
Ru/Nu = Bhubaneswara ru Delhi
Ra = Delhi ra biryani
nka(plural of Ra) – 100 pila nka mobile
Tharu/Thanu – Kitchen tharu plate aanibu(aadnibu)
Thi – Seithi, keunthi
Thu – Seithu, keunthu

Verb:a word used to describe an action, state, or occurrence, and forming the main part of the predicate of a sentence, such as Aanili(brought-Past verb), Pola(go - present),Prabaasuchii(Living - Present continueous)(See general Odia for more).

Present Verbs

Present	Singular(S)	Plural(P)	Order(S)	Order(P)	Interrogation(Informal)	Interrogation(S)	Interrogation(P)
Go –	Polaaye	Polaanti	Polaa	Polaauntu	Polaauki	Pola-aki/oki	Polaa-antiki
Come –	Aase	Aasanti	Aasa	Aasantu	Aasuki	Aasaki	Aasantiki
Send –	Pothe/Pothaye	Pothanti	Potha	Pothauntu	Pothauki	Potha-aki/oki	Potha-antiki
Base verb	+e/ye	+nti	+a	+antu	+uki	+aki	+antiki

Past Verbs

Past	Singular(S)	Plural(P)	Interrogation(Informal)	Interrogation(Formal)
Took –	Neyili/neyilaa	Neyileni	Neyiluki	Neyilaki
Came –	Aasili/Asilaa	Aasileni	Aasiluki	Aasilaki
Did –	Karili/karilaa	Karileni	Kariluki	Karilaki
Base verb	+ili/ilaa	+nti	+uki	+aki

These are actually very very simple for an odia speaker, learner will see this very problematic but slowly you will catch everthing, we will learn more about verb and its forms in general odia.

How to construct sentence perfectly

Before going into the sentence construction let us know about few basics of spoken odia. Odia often follows english SVO when we talk about present tense. Bellow are some phrases how to construct basic sentence

My name is Arjun = Mo naa Arjuna
My daughter’s name is avantika = Mora jhianka nka naa Avantika
How are you(Singular) = Tame Kemiti Achha (Not Acha)
How are you (plural asking everyone, If in stage) = Tame Kemiti Achhanti.
Where are you going = Kuaade jauchha
Where are you = Tame Kauthi Achha
Plural/Singular grammar rule
Tame sabu keunthhi achhanti (Plural)
Tame Keunthhi accha (Singular)
Tu Keunthhi acchu (Informal)

Who – Kiye , kiye kare(S), kiye karanti (P)
What – Kauņa , Siye kauda kare, Semane kauda karanti(P)
Where – Keuthi, Tame keuthi byasa kara, tamemane keuthi byasa karanti(P)
When – Kebbe , Tame Kebbe Aasa, pilaa mane kebbe aasanti(P)
Why – Kahink , Siye bhangilaa(Past - Singular), Semane bhangilaani(Past - Plural)
How – Kemiti ,1 pila Kemiti oriya sikhyuchhi (present cont ), 100 pilamane Kemiti oriya sikhuchhanti.

Present:

Mu gita gaaye
Aame gita gau
Tame gita gaa – nti

Siye Odissi naache (Singular)
Aame odissi naachu
Se mane odissi naachanti (Plural) |Se mane odissi nrutyu anti ( learn about formal odia in General Odia)

Jane pila baagha ru dare (Singular)
Aame Sabu sarpa(snake) tharu daru
5 pila mane simha(Lion) ru daranti (Plural) 5 Pilamane simha tharu bhaya anti (Learn More about Formal Odia)

Present Continues

Bhubaneswar aagaku baduchhi or Bhubaneswara pragatu achhi (pra- forward/before , gati – Speed/Go) (S)
Aame Sabu aagaku baduchhu
Bhubaneswar, Cuttuck Sambalpur Behrampur abam Rourkela aagaku baduchhanti (P) { Bhubaneswar, Cuttuck Sambalpur Behrampur abam Rourkela Pragatu acchanti (F), (pra- forward/before , gati – Speed/Go)} Learn More

Maa market ku polaauchhi. (S)
Aame market ku polaau
Maa au Baapaa market ku polauchhanti. (P)

Se patha paduchhi (S) or {Siye patha padu achhi / Siye bahiku snehu achhi(very Formal speeches)}
Aame paatha padu or {Ambe patha padu / Ambe bahiku snehu(Very Formal speeches)}
Mo sabu saangamaane paatha paduchhanti. (P)

Past (N-plural)

Bhubaneswar aagaku badilaa(S)
Aame aagaku badhilu
Bhubaneswar, Cuttuck ,Sambalpur, Behrampur au Rourkela aagaku badilaani.(P) or Bhubaneswar, Cuttuck ,Sambalpur, Behrampur au Rourkela pragatilaani

Maa market ku polaaila. (S)
Aame market ku Polaailu
Maa au Bapa market ku polaileni. (P)

Se paatha padila(S)
Aame paatha padilu
Mo sabu sangamane patha padileni. (P)

Past Continues (N-plural not always)

Bhubaneswar aagaku baduthila(S)
Aame aagaku baduthilu
Bhubaneswar, Cuttuck Sambalpur Behrampur Rourkela aagaku baduthile.(P) or Bhubaneswar, Cuttuck ,Sambalpur, Behrampur au Rourkela pragatuthile

Maa market ku polauthile. (S)
Aame market ku Polaauthilu
Maa au Bapa market ku polauthile. (P)

Se patha paduthila(S)
Aame paatha paduthilu.
Mo sabu sangamane patha paduthile. (P)

You will learn more about other tenses like perfect and future in General Odia click here